Gpr equipment is a non-invasive method of surveying that allows workers to get information about the ground before they begin any digging or excavating. It is very useful for finding underground utilities. The GPR system transmits and receives high-frequency electromagnetic waves to detect layers of different materials within the ground. When the wave meets a change in the layer, such as a utility line, it will reflect and return to the receiver, displaying a signal on the screen that operators can interpret.
How deep GPR signals can penetrate depends on the material being surveyed and the frequency of the antenna. Very dense materials like rock and concrete limit penetration. Also, high electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity attenuate the electromagnetic waves.
Choosing the Right Ground Penetrating Radar Equipment: Factors to Consider
The best frequencies for utility locating are in the microwave range of 10 megahertz to 2.6 gigahertz. This frequency is the most effective for detecting a variety of objects, such as septic tanks, water boxes, void spaces and pipes. It is also very effective for detecting changes in soil density, such as the difference between sand and gravel.
The most important factor in ensuring accurate GPR results is choosing the right frequency for each project. The sensitivity and resolution of the instrument can be enhanced by keeping the antennas close to the surface, which maximizes the signal strength. It is also important to calibrate the GPR with a reference standard and follow proper techniques for data acquisition, processing and interpretation.